John Dewey on Education Essay Example for Free

John Dewey on Education EssayJohn Dewey, Mortimer Adler and Nel Noddings impacted our system of teaching method in very profound ways. Dewey believed that there should be communication between the educatee and the teacher. Adler believed that schools should only teach the traditional courses (English, Math, Science, Social Studies and Foreign Language). Noddings believed that teachers should be more(prenominal) caring towards their school-age childs. John Deweys idea of education greatly affected our system of education today. John Deweys ideas for education were to concentrate on students psychological and sociological qualities. Dewey believed in promoting an unconscious education where the undivided gradually comes to share in the intellectual and moral resources which humanity has succeeded in getting together. He becomes an heritor of the funded capital of civilization (Dewey 261). In other words, he thought this was a good method for teachers to analyze a students be havior in order to teach them more effectively. This in any case provided an opportunity for the student to learn without even realizing it.Dewey stated that a students psychological needs were the solid ground of his method of education. The childs own instinct and powers furnish the material and give the starting-point for all education (Dewey 262). Dewey stressed the idea that, Without insight into the psychological anatomical structure and activities of the individual the educative process providebe haphazard and arbitrary (Dewey 262). Dewey was also extremely interested in the kindly aspects of a student. He say that the, knowledge of social conditions, of the present state of civilization, is necessary in order to properly interpret the childs powers (Dewey 262). This was a new technique for an pedagogue to see and distinguish the instincts and tendencies in a student.Therefore, in order for an educator to know more about a student he/she must head start study the stude nts psychological traits in order to understand the unique characteristics of a childs capacities, interests and habits. Then the teacher must return their findings into terms of what they believe the child is capable of in a social setting. In my opinion, Dewey showed a balance between the dialectic of academics and affective goals. This is also cognise as transaction, which is having both the teacher and the student interact in the classroom.Dewey believed that the academic goals of education should be, a process of living and not a preparation for after spirit living (Dewey 263). He stated that the teachers job is not to influence him but to help guide the student into successfully forming with the community by letting the student experience some life occurrences. The teacher is not in the school to impose certain ideas or to form certain habits in the child, but is there as a member of the community to select the influences which shall affect the child (Dewey 263 264).Dewey also believed that runs should only be used to examine a childs social capabilities in the real world. Examinations are of use only so far as they test the childs fitness for social life and reveal the place in which he can be of the most service and where he can receive the most help (Dewey 264). In my opinion, this would be more of a conceptual test where the child can voice his or her own opinions. Deweys main affective goals were to deepen the childs meaning of himself and his values. It is the business of the school to deepen and extend his sense of the values bound up in his home life (Dewey 263).Dewey believed that it was important for the school to devour lessons that related to what a child would do at home. The school would also be responsible for simplifying their social life because existing life is so knotty that the child cannot be brought into jobber with it without either confusion or distraction (Dewey 263). Therefore, if the child is exposed to too untold soci al stimulation he will become, either unduly specialized or else disintegrated (Dewey 263).I believe that Deweys views show that he is against standardization in schools. He believed that there was a pretermit of conscious states in schools. He asserts that children are, thrown into a passive, receptive, or absorbing attitude (Dewey 265). Deweys viewpoint is still an active discussion topic in todays education system. However, some school districts insist on rote learning because their schools receive more funding when there is a superior percentage of passing students on standardized tests. agree to Linda McNeil, students are taught on how to pass these tests without really learning. For example, McNeil states that, students report that in the drills on the TAAS reading section, they frequently post answers without reading the sample text. They merely match key words in an answer choice with key words in the text (McNeil 218). According to Dewey, this is not permitted in followi ng the law of nature (Dewey 265), resulting in friction and waste (Dewey 265).Dewey believed that proper instruction should be exemplified by, the preparation and presentation of lessons which might be more wisely and profitably expended in training the childs power of imagery and in seeing to it that he was continually forming definite, vivid, and growing images of the various subjects with which he comes in contact in his experience (Dewey 266). Standardization is not they key component of education, even though the state and federal government believe this is an important element for success.According to Gerald Bracey, when students are applying to college, the sit exam should be used as a guideline and not the final decision in acceptance. Bracey stated that the, SAT hit had been falling for fourteen years (Bracey 47). He also stated that, While the developers of the SAT still called their test a mere supplement, the public now truism it as the platinum rod for measuring schoo l performance. And that performance was getting worse (Bracey 47). Somehow over time, a students SAT write up developed into an extremely significant number which seemed to become the overall determination of a students intelligent.It seems harsh and unbalanced to seat so much emphasis on one test. Of course, applicants are told that in combination with their SAT scores their grades and outside activities are taken into consideration for college admittance. But the truth is these SAT scores still remain a huge factor for college applicants. Studies have shown that a high SAT score does not guarantee high grades in college however the politics behind these tests are stronger than the publics opinion in order to get these tests repealed. Standardized tests do not lead the student to come into contact with the subject at hand or the experience related to it.They also do not show the overall picture of an individual or what he or she can contribute while attending college. Scott Thomp son is against the test-based reform of todays society. Thompson claims that, The human hearts and minds of others, I believe, are but too complex and too inaccessible to read as a book (Thompson 160). Thompson argues that the differences between test-based reform and standards-based reform. He concluded that standards-based reform involves more cooperation from parents, teachers and the students.It also gives the students a high-quality method of learning and not simply learning techniques for test taking. We should be interested in students who can produce high quality fake rather than students who have mastered the ability to take standardized tests (Thompson 159). Thompson would love to see that the idea of standardized tests be abandoned in the future.Thompson argues that by crowing these students standardized tests that they are reducing their potential of demonstrating their intellect, social and personal sides to the community. Test-based reform, through its focus on high -stakes test, narrows the curriculum to what is included on the tests and reduces instructional practice to test preparation (Thompson 159). In contrast, standards-based reforminvolves a complete abandonment of the bureaucratic, seat time approach to education and replaces it with a system of learning communities dedicated to percentage all students reach their intellectual, social, and personal potential (Thompson 159).To summarize, without requiring students to take standardized tests they will greatly increase their academic potential and affective abilities. Bill Bigelow also stresses his hit of standardization. He believes that, social studies knowledge is little more than acquiring piles of disconnected facts about the world (Bigelow 231) and that the world cant be chopped into multiple choice questions, in that you cant bubble in the truth with a number-two pencil (Bigelow 239). Bigelow would be ecstatic to see the state do aside with standardized tests.He demonstrates so me strong educational goals that the state should follow that show a balance between academic and affective goals for education. He claims that teachers should, produce rigorous performance standards for students that promote deep thinking about the nature of our society. These efforts should acknowledge the legitimacy of a multicultural curriculum of critical questions, complexity, multiple perspective, and social imagination. They should recognize that wisdom is more than information (Bigelow 239). I agree with his statement.When considering the famous quote, knowledge is power have we gained knowledge when we have learned the means by which to pass a standardized test? Or has knowledge been gained when a student has the sense of understanding conceptual ideas about society and civilization as a whole? I feel that standardized testing is something elected state officials want because these tests provide numbers and numbers are easy to put into a spreadsheets and show which school s are getting high scores and which schools are getting low scores. It is an easy format to determine budgets one test is commensurate for all students.It is harder to define guidelines on how or what teachers should teach conceptually because that leads to a broader spectrum of learning. In conclusion, I believe that standardized tests are the dumbing down of America. These tests sub ascribable our abilities to question and reflect. The state and federal governments do not really want the American public to get smarter. They want a simple way to obtain what students learn and how they learn it. While many people agree that standardization is not improving learning, we are still unable to do away with these tests due to all of the politics involved.I would love for high schools to be more like colleges in that, teachers can use whatever methods of teaching they like skillful as professors do. Unfortunately, this is not the case. Obviously, there are essential fundamental topics that much be taught that are necessary in order to have the basic radix on which to grow intellectually. I feel that once a student has mastered the basics, it is crucial to ones development to discuss disputable issues and to intelligently question the ways of the world.I agree with Bill Bigelow I do not believe that one test is a thorough determinant of a students ability and mastery of various concepts. A famous quote by George Santayana states, Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. With all the controversial issues and problems in the world, shouldnt learning how to use ones mind and think outside the box be considered an integral part of learning? Isnt it important and valuable to society to be able to intelligently discuss solutions rather than just be considered smart because you aced the SAT?

Symbolism In The Great Gatsby Essay Example for Free

Symbolism In The Great Gatsby EssayPrompt Examine Fitzgeralds use of symbolism in the novel. Be sure to define symbolism, learn at least 3 different symbols, and tell how each symbol is significant or important to the narrative. Finally, explain how each contributes to a theme in the novel. Be sure to directly state each theme in a complete general sentence. Use textual evidence (exact quotes from the novel).Possibly is had occurred to him that the bulky significance of that unobjectionable had now vanished forever. Compared to the great distance that had separated him from Daisy it had seemed very near to her, al intimately touching her. It had seemed as close as a sensory faculty to the moon. Now it was over again a green light on a dock. His count of enchanted objects had diminished by one.( pg. 93) The green light is one of the around predominant symbols F. Scott Fitzgerald uses in his novel The Great Gatsby. Symbolism is when a writer uses an object or idea to stand f or something else the bigger picture, or theme of the book. tierce of the utmost crucial symbols in The Great Gatsby are the green light, the disintegrating garner, and the mantelpiece clock. First, The green light represents Gatsbys hopes and dreams for the future. Gatsby affiliates the light with Daisy, and Fitzgerald first introduces the reader to this in Chapter superstar when Nick sees Gatsby reaching out towards it at the end of his dock, -he stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and, far as a I was from him, I could have sworn he was trembling.In voluntarily I glanced seaward-and distinguished nothing except a single green light(pg. 20-21) The green light is the idea that you should keep chasing your dreams no matter how far away they seem. Fitzgerald shows this through Gatsby chasing Daisy although she is married and has a child, he never gives up on his hopes to be with her. Fitzgerald additionally portrays this through Gatsby by showing that he was poor but did everything he could to become rich because that was his dream. Other characters such as myrtle show this theme. Myrtle wants to be rich like Gatsby and Tom so she keeps pretending to be rich and tries to fit that stereotype in any way that she can because she dreams of being rich one day. In chapter five, Daisy and Gatsby are seeing each other again for the first time in years.Their reconnecting occurs at Nicks sign and this is when the reader is introduced to the mantelpiece clock. When Fitzgerald writes Luckily the clock took this moment to tilt dangerously at the pressure of his head, whereupon he turned and caught it with trembling fingers and set it subscribe into homeI think we all believed that for a moment that it had smashed in pieces on the floor.(pg. 86-87) the reader sees that Gatsby wants to get back together with Daisy or turn back time in a sense. Fitzgerald is telling the reader that time is unstoppable and unrestrainable through Gatsby and Daisy s actions because even so though Gatsby does everything in his power to see her again and win her over he never does because time has moved on and so has Daisy. Next, the reader sees that time has moved on long before Gatsby had even come back from the army.The reader sees Daisys actual moving on and marrying Tom in chapter four when Jordan tells about the night before Daisys wedding, I came into her room half an hour before the bridal dinner, and found herdrunk as a monkey. She had a bottle of Sauterne in one hand and a letter in the otherwe locked the door and got her in a cold baht. She wouldnt let go of the letter. She took it into the tub with her and squeezed it up into a wet ball, and only let me leave it in the soap-dish when she saw it was coming to pieces like snow.(pg.76) the reader assumes this letter in from Gatsby because Jordan earlier in this passage explained how Daisy and Gatsby were in love and how during Daisys sottish state she tells Jordan to give Tom back th e pearls that he bought he because, Daisys change her mine (Pg. 76)Yet she still marries Tom the next day. This shows her realizing that she cant wait forever and must marry Tom, therefore leaving behind her past with Gatsby and moving on. What Gatsby has yet to see it that all good things come to and end, and this is what Fitzgerald was depiction through the disintegrating letter and the end of Daisy and Gatsbys relationship. As many can see, F. Scott Fitzgerald is one of the finest writers because he uses personal experiences to influence his writing. His use of symbolism is astounding and it makes great deal want to decipher his words.In The Great Gatsby he shows the reader the meaning of life, time, and hope through a light, a letter, and a clock but most importantly through his main character Gatsby, who is connected to all of the symbols in this novel. Fitzgerald also does a first-class job of connecting the overall theme of the novel, which is the decline of the American dr eam in the 1920s how little by little it started to disappear until nobody believed in it any more to Gatsby and how his count of enchanted objects keep diminish one by one until there is nothing left but lost and broken dreams.

Human Rights and Business Ethics

Human Rights and Business EthicsThe interest of corporate organisations in valet uprights has increased over the years due to the criticism and concerns over the use of child labour, low wages, female discrimination and abuse factories. Incorporating values and morals into any business has become very important to corporate organisations, government, and the public in general. As the world becomes ever smaller as a solvent of globalization, there has been an increase in the movement of labour, knowledge and technology from country to country. This has lead to companies setting up factories in countries with cheap labour and very ridiculous human race right laws so they can meet the demand for their product. Government of these poor countries have been forced to dance to the tune of large business.Business ethical code emerged as a result of the abuse of human rights and because of the need for corporate organisation to be more ethical and humane in doing business. This has come to the fore(prenominal) front in recent time with the media keeping a constant look out for corporate organisations that abuse or refuse to up post their social responsibilities in any way. As a result of this organisations now pay more attention to business ethic education and training in order to meet this ever growing ethical responsibility. The growth and development of businesses worldwide has brought about an increase in the standard of living but on the other hand it has resulted in the abuse of workers in many parts of the world.Corporate social responsibility has enter a new phase in which the responsibility of business have to be clearly defined. According to Andrew chapman and Scott Jerbi there are growing expectation that corporation should do everything their powers to promote universal human rights standards even in conflict situation where governance structure have broken down.War on Want has published research which shows that Bangladeshi workers making fabrices for Primark, Tesco and Asda toil up to 80 hours a week and earn as little as half a living wage. http//uk.oneworld.net/article/ overtake 4/04/2010War on Want senior campaigns officer Simon McRae said British companies continue to commit serious human rights abuses across the world. Yet the governments notwithstanding response is to come up with voluntary initiatives which companies are free to ignore. When give ministers take real action to hold these companies to account?For any market sit to be effective there has to be ethical behaviour on the part of buyers and sellers. According to Solomon (1996) ethical behaviour on the part of both buyers and sellers is equal to the effectiveness of the market place. Regardless of the degree of the competition, the successful functioning of the market place rest on the foundation of mutually agreed- upon rules of conduct and shared interest. For the kindred to remain beneficial to both parties it has to be of value to both of them. Uneth ical behaviour by either party disrupts the intercourseship and produces exchanges that are both unfertile and ineffective (Morgan and Hunt, 1994)Journal of business ethics Sam fullerton, KatShleen B kerch,H Robert Dodge 805-814, 1996II. Structure of the reportThe report is a focus on the retail cloth industry in relation to its business ethics. In recent times there has been lots of issue on the way clothing retailers deal with human right. People feel that they are not doing enough to deal with human right abuse globally. The report pass on draw attention to the challenges faced by labour as result of globalisation and the need for a lasting solution through effective corporate policies and strategies.Firstly, the report go away identify and trance out companys responsibilities in the protection of human rights, freedom fromslavery and forced labour, freedom from torture and degrading treatment. Which if not up held by any company will damage its brand image and bring about a loss of confidence by customers. Other chapters will talk on recent discussions on business ethics and how consumers view human right standards as regards consumption of products making use of journals, internet, reports etc. The aim is to bring out the variant theories and views by various authors for better understanding.In the second chapter which deals with the literature review it will focus on the various ideas and theories that talks about the need for upholding human right standards in the clothing industry. The different theoretical approaches will be analysed with recent happenings in mind for a much better understanding and also ease formulate better business ethics practice in the clothing industry.Case studies, recent findings and current happenings will be dealt with in chapter three with relation to the various theories as regards the cloth industry. The back ground of discussion for the study will be taken from the various findings and the data collected. From the analyses of different publications consumers have different views on the labour law as it relates with goods, pricing, and human rights standards.Using the various theories and principles that underline the argument the impact of business ethics on globalisation will discussed in chapter four. The report will show that human right abuses in poor counties of the world are on the increase in the clothing industry. It will also emphasis the importance of upholding human rights for equitability and safety.The Final chapter will focus on the conclusion and recommendations drawn from analysis of data collected.

Second Language Learning And Age Related Factors English Language Essay

Second Langu epoch Learning And Age Related Factors face Language canvassAge is one of the nearly important affective concomitantors in Second Language Acquisition(SLA). There is some consensus among SLA researchers that age as an affective factor that brings virtually opposite performance stages in arcminute dustup erudition. Most experts in addition agree that unmarried learners learn differently depending on many variables similar eruditeness opportunities, the motivation to learn, individual differences and cultivation styles in south run-in acquisition. However, there is little consensus as to how far individuals of the same age radical of learners follow a similar and/or linear pattern of style acquisition. The question of how developmental stages interact with individual learning differences is still a question of great debate. It is loosely believed that jr. learners be in possession of original advantages over older learners in language learning. The comm on nonion is that jr. children learn L2 easily and quickly in comp are to older children (Ellis, 2008 Larsen-Freeman, 2008 Mayberry Lock, 2003). The kinship amongst age and success in SLA, though complex in nature, is linked to the Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH). CPH, also cognise as the sensitive period, is defined as the period during which a child can acquire language easily, rapidly, perfectly, and with verboten instruction(Richards Schmidt, 2002, p.145). The CPH notifys that a period of time, between fork up and someplace around the age when a child enters puberty, exists in which the learning a morsel language can be accomplished more rapidly and easily than times falling outside of this period i.e. post puberty (Larsen-Freeman Long, 2008).SLA theories and research experience explained the impact of age in sanction language acquisition. As report by Light bown and Spada (2008), learning depends on learners characteristics and the environment. Their findings su ggested that older learners have a higher level of problem solving and metalinguistics abilities than younger learners.Researchers discoveriesResearchers have focused on learners pronunciation, syntax and grammatical morphemes. Mark Patkowski (1982) examined the level of spoken English of sixty-seven immigrants to the U.S. His finding was that pre-puberty learners acquire punt language break dance than post-puberty learners. He also pointed out that dickens other factors-duration of manor hall and amount of instruction-are inseparable from the age factor. Johnson and Newport (quoted in Light bown Spada, 2008) found native- worry language abilities and the performance levels lower in older children than younger in a written report of forty-six Chinese and Koreans speakers. On the other hand, Snow and Hoefnagel-Hohle (1982), from their research carried in Holland, reason out that larges learned faster than children and the straddle of second language learning was higher. Davi d Singleton(2003) also declared that the tendency for younger learners to do better in the long run in the matter of second language lexical acquisition is no more than a tendency (p. 22). In this paper, an attempt is made to study and analyze the age related research on the basis of critical period hypothesis and other relevant variables. The key question in this paper is how age affects second language acquisition. Do stack of the same age group possess the same learning characteristics and learn in the same ratio inSLA? Are there any certain features that the researchers have agreed upon regarding the age factor in SLA and CPH?Critical periodThe notion of critical period for a second language acquisition has been associated with some(prenominal) hypotheses. Some researchers have focused on the view that the younger learners as the better learners whereas others opine the older learners as the better learners. However, there are different perspectives on how the children and adu lts learn a foreign or second language. Adults naturally find themselves in such situations that demand more complex language and looking of more complicated ideas whereas children lack pressure and maturity in second languagelearning.The ExperimentsDavid Singleton (1989) offered a look of proposals related to age and second language acquisition. The most popular notions are the younger =the better and the older =the better (Singleton, p. 31). He, on the basis of previous studies and research on age factor, focused on learners pronunciation skill and other linguistics features. There are a number of research to support the younger the better hypothesis. Yamanda et al. (qtd. in Singleton, 1989) study 30Japanese elementary tame pupils of seven to ten ages old. These students did not have any previous experience of English. The researchers used a list of 40 English words and recorded the rate of success of the students. Their finding was that more than average older learners decrea sed with age i.e. the older the age the lower the score.Furthermore, Mark S. Patkowski (1982) carried out a research on 67 highly educated immigrants to the unify States from various backgrounds. In his control subjects, 33 subjects were those who had come to the United States before the age of 15 (pre-puberty group) and 34 subjects who were post-puberty group with similar backgrounds. He examined the spoken English of the subjects, and analyzed a difference between learners who began to learn English before puberty and those who began learning English subsequently after puberty (Patkowski, 1982, p.58). His results showed a strong negative relationship between age of arrival and syntactic rating. He concluded that the pre-puberty group was better in language learning than the post-puberty group. He further addressedthe only factor which was highly associated with the level of syntacticproficiency attained by learners was the age at which acquisition of English began.Practice and i nstructional variables showed little or no association with thedependent variables. The result, past, appeared to strongly support the hypothesisof an age-related limitation on the powerfulness to acquire full command of a secondlanguage. (Patkowski, 1982, p. 59)He also concluded that the age factor is highly related to other several factors like the numbers of years spent in the United States, amount of information exposure to English and amount of formal instruction in English. One of the living evidences in the field of second language acquisition comes from the experience of immigrants. A group of researchers have shown a relationship between age ofentry, length of residence and level of language acquisition (Singleton 1989 Ekstrand 1982 Asher Gracia 1989 Lightbown Spada 2008). Asher and Gracia examined acquisition of pronunciation of 71 Cuban immigrants to California. The subjects were of aged groups from seven to 19 years. The majority of them had been in the United State s for about tailfin years. Theyconcluded that not one of the 71 Cuban subjects was judged to have American native pronunciation (qtd. in Singleton, 1989, p. 83). They also figured out a fact that the younger a child had been when entering the United States, the higher the probability of a native like accent. The Lenneburgian notion of CPH that puberty as a milepost for SLA has been reversed by the other researchers. Carroll (1963) suggested that the ability to acquire a native like accent declines toward puberty. Ekstrand (1982) carried out a research on age and length of residence of2400 Swedish pupils. The test consisted of six areas including pronunciation, diction, listening, reading, oral and written production. Ekstrand grouped the total population into 26 categories according to third month of year of birth and observed effects of age and effects of length of residence in the process of second language. He found that language learning ability goes to the highest degree line arly with age. He also notice that social and emotional adjustment did not seem to be related to age. He deduced that age was strongly correlated with grade levels because quality and quantity of instruction was an important factor in second language learning. For Ekstrand, the more developed the brain was, the better it was suited for second language learning.Susan Oyama (1976) studied 60 male Italian immigrants who entered to the United States at ages ranging from six to 20. She examined the degree of American accent and proficiency inEnglish listening. She concluded that age is as an important factor to achieve native like accent. The youngest arrivals performed a better accent. She has shown the relation of age and listening cognizance as followsthose subjects who began learning English before age 11 showedcomprehension score similar to those of native speakers, whereas later arrivals didless well those who arrived after the age of 16 showed markedly lowercomprehension lots th an the native. (Oyama, 1982, p. 23)A further immigrant study appeared in support of the younger the better hypothesis. Johnson and Newport (qtd. in Lightbown Spada, 2008) selected 46 Chinese and Korean proveal subjects in their research. They tested some rules of English morphology and syntax among the participants of aged groups from three to 15 and with those aged groups from 17 to39. The result was that those who began learning later did not have native like language abilities and their performance on the test varied more widely. Robert Dekeyser (2000) conducted a replication of the Johnson and Newport with a group of Hungarian immigrants to the United States. On the contrary, he concluded that adult learners were better than the younger ones. The second strong hypothesis is that older learners are more successful that than younger language learners in SLA. This notion was highly supported by a number of in short term experimental researchers. These studies and research were based on teaching projects and second language immersion programs. Some of these studies have highlighted adolescents and adults of different ages where results have indicated that the older learners are far better than the youngerones.In 1967 Ashor and Price (as cited in Singleton, 1989) have carried out an experiment with96 students from the second, fourth and eighth grades of a school and 37 undergraduate students from a college. The subjects did not have any previous knowledge of Russian, the targeted language. afterwards three short trainings conducted in Russian language, the results showed that theeight graders performed significantly better than the second graders and the fourth graders. They also noticed a consistently positive relationship with advancing age because of above average mental ability of the adults. Politzer and Weiss (as quoted in Singleton, 1989) have conducted another study in which they found that an advantage of SLA for older learners than younger ones. Their subjects were second, fifth, seventh and ninth graders. The experimental procedures were consisted of an auditory discrimination test, a pronunciation test and a reading test among 257 pupils. They recorded a gradual approach of scores with an increase age in all three tests. Similarly, Olson and Samuel in the 1970s (qtd. in Singleton, 1989) have investigated the relative capacity of native English speakers in three different age groups on 20 elementary pupils,20 junior high school pupils and 20 college students. On the test of pronunciation, it was found that two older groups performed significantly better than the elementary age group. In other studies on age and SLA, many researchers have mentioned a similar finding that adult subjects performed better than the children (Bland Keislar, 1966 Smith Braine, 1973Burstall her colleagues, 1974 Singleton, 1989). Bland and Keislar took six fifth graders and four kindergartners in their study. They conducted an individualized pr ogram of oral French. They mentioned that amongst the fifth graders this time ranged from 4.5 to 11 hours, the mean existence 6.9 hours, whereas amongst the kindergarteners the ranges from 12.5 to 17.5 hours and the mean was 15.1 hours (Qtd. in Singleton 1989, p. 98). In other words, the younger learners tookmore than twice as long as the older learners. A large scale experiment was conducted by Burstall and her colleagues (Qtd. in Singleton 1989) in the 1970s. The study included three age groups of pupils from selected primary schools in England and Wales. Among the 11 year old, 13 year old and 16 year old students, the results indicated that older students dramatically achieved higher score in listening and speaking tests than the younger ones. Other researchers of SLA interested in assessing phonological skills of learners suggest a common belief that younger learners acquire a native like accent in the target language.Dunkel and Pillet (reported in Singleton, 1989) compared the proficiency in French between elementary school pupils and beginning students of French from the university. They found that the younger learners pronunciation was better than that of the older ones. However, in both written and aural tests, the university students had better performance than the younger ones. In another study,Fathman and Precup (reported in Singleton, 1989) tested oral proficiency in English on 20 children and 20 adults in a formal setting in Mexico. Their finding also brought a similar conclusion that the children scored better in English pronunciation than the adults but the adults scored better then the children in syntax. Some studies, on the other hand, have focused on the issues of culture and variations of accent among the speakers of the same language. Lobov (1920)has claimed that people rarely acquire the accent of a particular region if they move into that region after puberty (qtd. in Singleton, 1989, p. 111).While considering younger learners in long r un, Stephen Krashen (1979) has forwarded three proposals in the domain of morph syntax. Krashens positions in SLA are as following Adults proceed through early stages of syntactic and morphological development faster than children (where time and exposure are held constant). old children acquire faster than younger children (again time and exposure are held constant). Acquirers who begin natural exposure to second languages during childhood generally achieve higher second language proficiency than those beginning as adults. (qtd. In Singleton, 1989, p. 117)Krashen et al. studied syntax and morphology of children in formal and informal learning contexts. They claimed that older learners proceed through the early stages of second language grammatical development more quickly than younger learners.Anan Fathman (1982) observed a difference in the rate of learning English phonology, morphology and syntax based on the differences in age. She focused on the children aged 11 to 15 years w ho received significantly higher scores in learning the morphology and syntax of a second language than those children ofaged six to ten years. One of the most significant studies related to age and SLA comes from the research of Catherine E. Snow and Marian Hoefnagel-Hohle (1982). They investigated 51 English subjects in five age groups whose target language was Dutch. The subjects accomplishments at three points in the Netherlands were compared with the accomplishments of two pass on speakers of Dutch and native speakers. The beginners were tested three times at 4 to 5 month intervals, but the advanced learners were tested only once. The subjects were tested individually at school or at home in various categories-pronunciation, auditory discrimination, morphology, sentence repetition, sentence translation, sentence judgment, Peabody picture vocabulary test, story comprehension and storytelling. The results of their study gave strong evidence against the critical period hypothesi s. All the tests showed a rapid learning by the 12 to 15 years old and adults during the premier few months of acquisition. They mentioned The adultsfell increasingly behind because their subsequent improvement was very slow. The teenagers had achieved almost native performance extremely quickly, within a few months of outset to speak Dutch.The crucial findings of relevance for evaluating the CPH were that the 3 to 5 years old scored consistently worse than the older groups on all the test and that the 12 to 15 years old showedthe most rapid acquisition of all the skills tested. (Snow Hoefnagel-Hohle, 1982, p. 103)The ResultsTheir finding rejected the notion of younger learners as better learners in L2 acquisition. In the second study, Snow and Hoefnagel-Hohle took 81 subjects. Of them, 51 were beginners and31were advanced learners. In the result, it was found that in all cases the adolescent and adult subjects outperformed the younger subjects. The research has shown non-liner re lationship between age and second language acquisition. Whether the long term or short term studies are conducted on syntax and morphology or pronunciation of a second language, there are as many conflicting views as the researchers.To address this situation, it is opted to quote Singleton (1989) that beyond the strict terms of Krashen et. al.s hypothesis the evidence concerning short term versus long term language attainment is more confused (p.119) and there is no common argument agreed by all the research. David vocal (2006) has studied theoretical issues and empirical findings of age related research of second language acquisition.He had found that brain memory, learning conditions and second language touch speed are connected with age factor. He has pointed out that morphological changes and cognitive process are different in young and adult learners. The near component besides Critical Period Hypothesis of second language acquisition is the variables related to the age fact or. These variables can be motivation, anxiety, self confidence, attitude, learning styles and so on. They are responsible in language acquisition in both children and adults. Their direct relationship to age as an indicator of language learning has been studied by various researchers.John Archibald (2005) has said that it is hard to say whether critical period exists or not. He argued that it is much more difficult to predict knowledge or ability in any of the other areas of communicative competence (syntax, cohesion, sociolinguistics, etc.) based on age of acquisition (Archibald, 2005, p. 420). Rather he valued individual differences, the L2 classroom, modified input, modified interaction, and learning environment in second language learning context.Mary Schleppegrell (2008) has focused on health, classroom practices and learning styles as age related factors in second language learning. She says that older adults learn a foreign language for a specific purpose to be more effecti ve professionally, to be able to service in an anticipated foreign situation or for other instrumental reasons (Schleppegrell, 2008, p. 3). On the other hand, younger learners may not have extrinsic motivation or may not see a specific goal in learning another language. It is also noticed that children and adults do not always get the same quality and quantity of language input in both formal and informal learning settings (Lightbown Spada, 2008). It is also hard to say how these variables work as a filter or barrier in learning process of young and adults.As in Colliers study (1987) (qtd. in Singleton, 1989), the barrier of anxiety sometimes makes the adults less successful in second language. Language input is another factor linked to age. Stephen Krashen believes that the learner improves when he or she receives second language input at a level of comprehensible input (i+1). For Krashen the natural comprehension input has become the fundamental teaching in SLA. This comprehensi ble input may change with age where older learners get an advantage over younger ones (Lightbown Spada, 2008).ConclusionSumming up, age is one of the characteristics that realise the way in which anindividual learns second language. Age is highly associated with critical period in many research studies. There are a number of controversial issues related to second language acquisition and critical period hypothesis. As Singleton (2005) has predicted, a multiplicity of CPs, like mythical hydra, whose multiplicity of heads and capacity to levy new heads rendered it impossible to deal with (p. 288). He declares the end of critical period. Some researchers limited the CP between per inatality and puberty, while the others extended it after the puberty. Inthe realm of pedagogy, the researchers have advocated CPH into two main categories-the younger the better and the older the better. A group of researchers including Singleton, Yamanda et al., Carroll and et al, and Patkowski believed that the young learners have higher learning potentiality than the adults whereas Johnson and Newport, Dekeyser, Asher and Price, Politzer and Weiss, Olson and Samuel opined the opposite. The young learners are considered silverish in communication of the second language and achieve native like accent. Learners after the age of puberty do not acquire native like accent of a second language but have complex learning pattern. Research suggests that children and adults L2 learners pass through different developmental states in second language learning. Learning depends on the cognitive maturity and neurological factors. Julia Van Sickle and Sarah Ferris (as quoted in Singleton, 2005) have shown the relationbetween age and second language acquisition as, One of the dangers of the emphasis on critical periods is that it prompts us to pay too much attention to when learning occurs and too little attention to how learning might best occur (p. 105). Age is not everything in second language learning. However, factors related to the age, for example the learning opportunities, the motivation to learn, individual differences, and learning styles, are also important determining variables that affect the rate of second language learning in various developmental stages of thelearners.

Retail Services Marketing Of Uniqlo In Hong Kong Marketing Essay

Retail service Marketing Of Uniqlo In Hong Kong Marketing EssayChapter 1. IntroductionMany disdaines exist and flourish because they ar successful in squ atomic number 18(a) a need in the market. These demand are determined by the consumers who are considered an important component of any business endeavour. The primary reason for a business initiation is to continue identifying consumer needs and then come up with tangible receptions to address these needs. This requirement makes business companies spend a considerable fare of effort and intellect in analysing the behaviour of the consumers in rove to efficiently formulate appropriate trade strategies that would assist the firm in impressive issue and delivery. Smart, D. T., Martin, C. L. (1992) argued that the study of consumers makes companies and organisations recognise and internalise consumer issues that would help strengthen their merchandise strategies. In this paper several issues are discussed pertaining to fa shion and habiliments products and serve offered by UNIQLO in Hong Kong.UNIQLO Co., Ltd. was originated in Japan. The partys business line is about habiliment and fashion. But basically, the company is one of the leading garment and fashion business in Japan that design, pay and retail casual wears. Initially, UNIQLO Co., Ltd. was only a division of Fast Retailing Co., Ltd. unless by November 1, 2005, UNIQLO Co., Ltd. come into the picture by corporate restructuring and occurrently existent as a 100% consolidated subsidiary of Fast Retailing. UNIQLO was now listed at the Tokyo Stock Exchange.In Japan, UNIQLO is the leading clothing retail kitchen stove in terms of both sales and profits. And as of 2010, the company are similarly operating in Hong Kong, China, United Kingdom, South Korea, France, Singapore and United States. UNIQLO create the idea of blending of unique and clothing as an symbol of originality and uniqueness of the cut back industry in Japan. UNIQLO offe rs fashionable and high quality clothing at reasonable prices, and was seized as an opportunity to establish a mug position domestically and internationally, combining all the facets of the business from product design to final sales and the operation of the 790 stores around the globe. Primarily offing for a highly dirt conscious consumer group, UNIQLO envisions itself as a leading humankind(prenominal) casual wear company targeting high sales and profitability growth. For UNIQLO, such aim could materialise base on the established strategies such as low cost management, cheapest manufacture and marketing schedules and prioritising guest requirements.Nowadays, UNIQLO is described as the habiliments giant Gap, Inc.s counterpart base on the 4, 000% share price increase, making UNIQLO as Japans third largest clothing retailer. However, it is non always victory for UNIQLO the subsidiary as well has its own share of downturns especially on its international expansion. For insta nce, expansion programmes in the United Kingdom (UK) saw a tumultuous stumble in profits, forcing Fast Retailing to shut down 16 of the 21 UNIQLO stores opened, because of competition. Most recently, three UNIQLO stores in New Jersey were in addition closed because of scotch slumps. Despite these facts, UNIQLO maintains the spirit and still believed that the brand has only but way forward. How UNIQLO will going to do such is central to this paper, focus on the companys strategic management. External, industry and competitor analysis as rise as the internal environment will be addressed.In fashion and clothing business in Hong Kong, the products and services offered by retailers that start out strong brands are flourishing because they are easier to remember or they are already popular and are know for the quality. Companies like UNIQLO, HM, and Giordano are giving their lift out to build their brand name or brand identities because it helps consumers easily identify the produc t as well as acquire a rich set of symbols and meanings embodied by products. For successfully developed and managed brand names, the connections that patrons make with the brand name creates protect, or brand equity, that weed be a highly valued asset to the firm that develops the brand (Meyers-Levy, Louie, Curren, 1994).Chapter 2. Literature ReviewEnvironmental analytic thinking (PESTEL)Political Analysis In the context of UNOQLO, political factors have direct effect on business organizes and operations. Decisions made by the affects the decision-making of retailers and could come in the form of policy or legislation. In Hong Kong, the one country, two systems is the prevalent governance philosophy which endows the special administrative expanse with a high degree of autonomy and its capitalist economic system. at bottom a capitalistic and free market- point economy, retail companies make the majority of microeconomic decisions but they have to conform to specific agreemen ts. Mainland and HK Closer Partnership Economic arrangement (CEPA) and the US-China Textile Memorandum of Understanding are two examples of this. The former provides UNIQLO with a tariff-free treatment, stating that products which have no existing CEPA rules of origin will enjoy tariff-free treatment upon applications by local manufacturers. The latter could provide UNIQLO with an opportunity for an annual growth of 8-17% in 21 categories of Chinese textiles and clothing exports to the US. Labor and customary regulations as well as code of conducts are also complied into including China Social Compliance 9000 and US and EU quotas (RSCA 2006 Doshi 2006).Economic Analysis Domestically and sphericly, businesses are also beingness stirred by economic factors whereby a strong economy indicates positive results and weak economy signifies the opposite, affecting both businesses and consumers. Hong Kongs gross domestic product is estimated at US$206.7bn with the service sector that con tributes 90% of the total GDP. The region is also named as the pieces eleventh largest trading entity. Al to the highest degree 50% of the total population is employed full-time and the unemployment rate has a continuous average decline by 4.1%, making disposition of income a possibility, a lower cost of living that is (Monthly Digest 2008). outlay is generally devoted for food, housing, healthcare, transportation, amusement, services and apparel. People nowadays are very particular with investing in quality clothing thereby resume consumption with premium apparel finds (Doshi 2006). Realising this, the price and quality characteristics of UNIQLO has a strategic fit UNIQLO makes raft look fashionable and confident in world-class clothes at a reasonable price through the company-wide integration of the Specialty Store Retailer of Private Label Apparel (SPA) model, a low-cost but effective operation model.Social Analysis Demography or the population characteristics whitethorn det ermine buying patterns and that understanding demographic changes indoors a particular region or place facilitates determining whether products and services would appeal to customers as well as the number of potential customers (Barney and Hesterly 2006, p. 35). Hong Kong has a total of 6, 985, 300 population based on 2008 estimate and is continuously growing due to immigrant influx from Mainland. According to Doshi, people in HK and elsewhere have a growing pastime in private labels. Consumers aspired for having private levels on everyday garments. Casual wear from HK which is known for good design and quality has a positive image on global consumers. Nevertheless, international brands are concentrated in high-end consumers while domestic brands are for low-end consumers (Doshi, 2006). In victorious advantage of the wealth of the demography, UNIQLO makes effort on providing high-quality merchandise and generating set to the society by taxes. Further, UNIQLO is a company that is committed in creating positive reputation as manifested in its vision and mission, styles of management, ways of doing business and requirements to employees.Technological Analysis Technological innovations are a priority for the apparel retailing industry but it will remain as labor intensive as it is today. Boosting the industrys productivity, increase in automation has been the recent trend but it is limited on specific functions, to which mostly require human intervention such as stitch and making patterns. Although there are computerised sewing machines that increase the productivity and reduce training time. Further, the uses of computer system software intended for the industry will be on making rough sketches, printing detailed designs and storing of information for easy retrieval. The customer orientation of UNIQLO was basically construed from its website in which customers can give feedbacks by e-mail and discussion board. Hong Kong Productivity Council made a report di sclosing that the apparel industry could make sense of information technology (IT) if utilise for order processing, costing analysis, order tracking, material management, reporting and connectivity (2004).Legal As with any other business industry of the world, there are rules and regulations that restrict or support the facilitation of the business in the clothing and fashion market in the areas where UNIQLO operates.Environmental There are currently no major environmental issues faced by the UNIQLO in Hong Kong, take out for the ever-present textile and silk production issue which catch environmentalists attention die to the fact that some of its primitive materials and from the skin of rare animals.Industry Analysis (Porters atomic number 23 Forces)Threat of Entry Barney Hesterly (2006, p. 43) point out that new entrants are the firms which have either recently begun operations or those that threaten to begin operations within an industry soon. Notably, the apparel industry is a buyer-driven industry where producers are considering buyers decision-making especially when brand names enter the picture. These buyer-centric industries have low barriers to entry mainly because of longing competition. Utilising brands as a market power source however, this is a challenge for every clothing company. In the clothing business, mass customisation has seen to be the most effective strategy. Putting strategises into action remains to be in resilience today (Culpan 2002). Therefore, the focus must be on minimising the costs without sacrificing quality and to do this, managerial know how is a must in order to understand interactions with suppliers and consumers, to facilitate creativity and innovation and to maintain mobility in adapting to new market demands (Kincade, Regan and Gibson 2007).Building brand sentiency and consumer loyalty is a costly endeavor since it involves advertising needed non only to promote the brand but also on sustaining awareness and loy alty. Strengthening brand names also requires that there are quick response programs to increase revenues and manage risks. One of UNIQLOs major resources is its brand name, which is now synonymic with comfortable, high quality and cheap clothing merchandises. Although brand awareness outside the home country is a challenge, it is of intangible value to UNIQLO as a business asset. Brands are valuable and rare and reputable brands are acquired through the impressions one has of the company, and its products or services. Since a brand name is built overtime it becomes costly to assume thereby providing a sustainable competitive advantage in the apparel industry (Groucutt, Lydley and Forsyth 2004, p. 285).Threat of Rivalry Either in home or army countries, apparels, accessories and merchandise will always have a competitor which usually fluctuates in size. The modern market trends for the apparel industry are globalisation and increase competition, increasing price and lower profi t margin pressures, small quantity with high complexity orders, shorter lead times, multiple location operation, changing customer requirements and liberalisation on textile and clothing quota that creates new market dynamics. Being responsive to these market trends shifts the focus of the apparel industry for to a greater extent extensive product information and improvements at the least possible cost. Such condition forces companies to divert on product differentiation because of high switching cost. In an industry where products are deemed to be equal, the key sources of differentiation are brand image, reputation and prior existence (Byoungho 2004b). For UNIQLO, the products themselves are an important source of competitive edge. UNIQLO strives at developing products of high quality, in sundry(a) collections to enable the company to reach the highest possible number of customers. As such, the rivals would be endangered when it comes to introducing innovative products. UNIQLO is positioned in the fashion capitals of the world for the purpose of taking advantage of the new information about fashion trends. UNIQLOs ability to quickly adapt to trends and new markets has helped them develop product differentiation, something that is key to the companys success in the apparel industry. According to Tokle (1990), product differentiation is what separates the top competitors from the rest, but it something that is not costly to imitate. This is why their product differentiation is only a temporary competitive advantage. free-enterprise(a) advantage could be achieved once the organisation learns to manage its capabilities that the end consumers could appreciate and competitors would find difficulties imitating (Porter 1985 Roney 2004).Threat of Substitutes Casual wear is very particular with loose-fit, comfortable and relaxed fit. gymnastic or active wear was perceived to be the closest substitute to casual wear as manifested by the booming athletic wear indu stry. typically worn as casual fashion clothing, active attires could provide deterrence in the industry. Moreover, the blurring demarcation on the casual clothing family could be also seen as an opportunity for substitutes. Specialised stores offer semi-casual, smart casual and business casual lines. Semi-casual clothes are less presentational than informal but are not as loose as casual dresses. Smart casual purports conservative looks but with harmony on colors, fabrics, shoes and accessories. Business casual, on the other hand, varies in definition but the common element is the collar. Realising this, the bottomline now is the price. Moreover, based on the SPA business model, all the necessary functions at UNIQLO falls under a single umbrella especially the inbound logistics and the production. UNIQLO is an example of a cut-make-trim company in which in which the company purchase the fabric and retain ownership of the raw materials and work-in-process, and so making it hard for rivals to imitate or produce substitutes for UNQILO brands.Threat of Suppliers The prices and availability of commonly used fabrics such as cotton, blends, synthetics and wools might fluctuate importantly due to its dependence on demand, crop yields, weather, supply conditions, transportation costs, government regulations and economic condition among others (Byoungho 2004a). Quota is the major factor that affects the demand and supply of textile and fabrics. even though the sale of raw materials is standardised, independent contractors, raw material suppliers, importers and apparel manufacturing firms could not isolate themselves from such scenario because of the prospective unsteadiness in the supply drawstring (Chetty 1999). As well, because of forward vertical integration, coupled with the low barrier to entry, suppliers could easily become rivals. In becoming threat of entry, suppliers could be also become a competitor to already established apparel manufacturers. In addition, contractors is also one of the threats when the demand of the labor increases, it will cause labor costs price inflation. Laszlo (2008) melodic line that there are five main parts of the apparel value chain including raw material supply, provision of components production networks export channels and marketing networks at the retail level. Through the process, UNIQLO has an ownership on production and thereby a complete control on the supplies procurement. UNIQLO insources its production and handles the majority of the operational details. Sourcing is a go-to in the apparel industry but it is not rare although it can add value to UNIQLO.Threat of Buyers Reaching more and diverse consuming group, the apparel industry is both a stable and unstable industry. Stable because quality price and quality products are the main element and unstable because there are many factors that affect both price and quality. In the point of consumption, for instance, there are middle men such as the r etail stores that offer an host of brands. In purchasing manufactured apparel, retail stores could have influence on making significant requirements and demands on their purchase, affecting prices. Though quality is inherent, prices would not be reasonable at all, and alternative clothing is readily available. This explains why apparel manufacturing companies are setting up their own stand along stores which will leave to their own produce. Important is that apparel stores must not fall dependent on s specific class of customer. Buyers are increasingly appearing to favor above standard apparel with a much lower cost, making apparel less differentiated. When selling directly to consumers, buyers would incur a significant spate of their dispensable cash. Same goes with retail store, they purchase apparel at the least possible final cost, but adds up to prices of apparel. UNIQLO is involve in selling to the customers through specialty store marketing, with a minimalist strategy of pile em high, sell em cheap concept that is. In addition, the unbranded fashion or the no-logo concept was perceived to be the main reasons for peoples warm attention (Williamson 2007 Parrish, Cassill and Oxenham 2006).Competitors AnalysisLocal Competitor GiordanoAccording to companys website, Giordano was established in 1981 as one of the most well-known and established apparel retailers in the Asia Pacific region. The company employs 11,000 staff with over 1,700 shops operating in 30 territories worldwide. The companys vision aimed to be the best and the biggest world brand in apparel retailing with a remarkable mission i.e. To make people feel good look great.From the companys website, they are stating that Giordano is committed to being a successful and responsible corporate citizen. Meaning, they are committed not only to delivering quality products and service to their customers and strong and sustained financial performance to their shareholders, but that are also committed in creating a positive move in the communities where they do business. The current CEO since 1996 is Peter Lau, a Canadian Chinese. Basically, Giordano is based in Bermuda and trades on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange as 709.HK.Giordano concentrates in creating and delivering economic quality clothes such as Long Sleeve Shirts, T-Shirts, and denim jeans. On the other hand, Giordano Ladies, a sub-brand was only established in 1996. It has been instrumental to upgrading the unisex brand from a budget image to a more fashion oriented apparel retailer similar to The Gap.International Competitor HMIt is now a widely held view that the world economy has entered a much more complex phase where individual national economies have become inextricably linked. In this new world economy, resources and markets have ceased to have the indelible national individualism of the past (Jones, 2002). Restricted resources and markets that were once legally isolated have become much more accessible to enter prises that have acquired a global strategic vision. To the more visionary global enterprises, the world is but a borderless environment with homogeneous consumers who have developed an unforgiving taste for the most sophisticated and high-quality products. In response to the needs of these global consumers, the enterprises have developed global products. How such homogenised consumers are served, however, is a question of the strategic orientation of the enterprises and their ability to exploit the ever-evolving global economic environment (Jones, 2002). With this regard, HM, a company in Sweden engaged in clothing and a leader in fashion business shows significant impact to their consumers in accordance to their brand and branding strategies.HM is considered as one of the worlds favourite and preferred designer of apparels and clothing for man and women. In addition, HM is also known not only for their fashion cosmetic but because of the quality of the clothes designed durability and the funkiness of its clothes. Through the online stores, HM provides the US, UK and European Market undivided clothing designs. The main goal of this company is to provide innovative designs of apparels and clothes for different types of people in different countries all over the world. The company has been known because of its strategy of providing clothing designs exclusively for each countrys preferences and needs.HM is considered as one of the worlds favourite and preferred designer of apparels and clothing for man and women. In addition, HM is also known not only for their fashion but because of the quality of the clothes designed durability and the funkiness of its clothes (HM, 2009). The HM mission, Fashion and Quality at its best price. In addition, their handbags, shoes and accessories are also creating big sales and positive reactions from consumers. Through the online stores, HM provides the US, UK European Market and Asian Market exclusive clothing and even handbag designs. HM also offers perfumes and watches. The main aim of this company is to provide fast fashion goods (haute couture, ready-to-wear, handbags, perfumery, and cosmetics among others) in different countries all over the world (HM, 2009). The company has been known because of its strategy of providing fashion designs exclusively for each countrys preferences and needs which was positively accepted and loved by consumers.CPM MatrixTable 1. CPM MatrixUNIQLOGiordanoHMCritical Success FactorsWeightRatingWeighted ScoreRatingWeighted ScoreRatingWeighted ScoreAdvertising0.2040.8051.0040.80Product Quality0.1540.6040.6040.60Price Competitiveness0.1040.4030.3040.40Management0.1040.4030.3040.40Financial Position0.1540.6030.4530.45Customer Loyalty0.1040.4030.3030.30Global Expansion0.1530.4540.6040.60Market Share0.0530.1530.1530.15Total1.003.803.703.70With regards to the discussion of the local and international competitors of UNIQLO, the CPM matrix describes the edge of UNIQLO over Giordano and HM. As seen in the circumstantial success factor, UNIQLO dominates the Product Quality, Price Competitiveness, Management, Financial Position and Customer Loyalty. Despite of this, it seems that UNIQLO was lacking in advertising which was dominated by Giordano. In addition, UNIQLO also needs to consider their efforts in global expansion and market share in order to become successful in Hong Kong.Extended Marketing Mix 8Ps of Services MarketingFurthermore, since the UNIQLO as a brand concept be similar to or is associated with service stipulation, the 8Ps method adopted for service marketing may be competently espoused for its advertising. The 8Ps areProduct This refers to the stuff or services to be offered by the company. In the case of UNIQLO, their products and services are mostly related to clothing and fashion, thus the need for constant review should be bear in mind in order to meet the changing customer expectations.Place In UNIQLO, the place in which this product was manufactured and distributed was somewhat accessible to both suppliers and customers. Actually, UNIQLO are considering the issue regarding product availabily at the most convenient places for the target market, i.e., current and prospective clients.Price In terms of price, UNIQLO produce were priced competitively.Promotion UNIQLOs most effective ways to communicate to the various target groups to stimulate greater awareness, interest and patronage are somewhat good but not exceptional. UNIQLO are now using TV advertisement, Internet marketing, and billboard advertising.Physical Evidence In terms of presentation, UNIQLOs products are exceptional. In addition to these, the services offered by the company were also outstanding. As seen in their shops UNIQLO are known with their well-dressed staff/consultants, logos on office doors/ business cetres, letter heads, brochures, complimentary cards, consultancy reports, etc.Process With regrds to the process, the business of UNIQLO are well management in which makes their business system flawless and customer complaints are easily handled.People When it comes to people, UNIQLO chooses the best suitable person needed by the company. This means that UNIQLO expertly indentify the capabilities of a person that will reflect the value of UNIQLO products and services.Promise UNIQLO with their consultants are delivering their promises. In terms of quality of products and services, UNIQLO are giving it to their customers at utmost quality.Public Relations UNIQLO stakeholders carefully identify the various publics that can impact on UNIQLO to which PR communications can be directed. Such publics include individual consultants, clients, big practices, small practices, other related professional associations, germane(predicate) agencies of the United Nations, financial institutions, etc.Developing the Concept of Servicescape and BlueprintingServicescape- Servicescape is a concept that was developed by Booms and Bitner to emphasize the impact of the physical environment in which a service process takes place. If you were to try to describe the differences a customer encountered when entering a branch of say like McDonalds compared with a small family restaurant, the concept of servicescapes may prove useful. Booms and Bitner defined a servicescape as the environment in which the service is assembled and in which the seller and customer interact, combined with tangible commodities that facilitate performance or communication of the service (Booms and Bitner, 1981, p. 36).Servicescape may be likened to landscape. It includes facilities exterior (landscape, exterior design, signage, parking, surrounding environment) and facilities interior (interior design decor, equipment, signage, layout, air quality, temperature and ambiance). Servicescape along with other tangibles like business cards, stationary, complaint statements, reports, employee dress, uniforms, brochures, web pages and virtual servicescap e forms the Physical Evidence in marketing of services.Servicescape is not defined as above. The definition above is the definition for physical conclusion. Physical evidence consist of servicescape combined with the tangible elements, so servicescape is a part of physical evidence.Blueprinting Service blueprinting was initially introduced as a process control technique for services that offered several advantages it was more precise than verbal definitions it could help solve problems preemptively and it was able to identify failure points in a service operation.24Just as firms have evolved to become more customer-focused, so has service blueprinting. One early adaptation was the clarification of service blueprinting as a process for plotting the customer process against organisational structure.25Service blueprinting was further developed to distinguish between onstage and backstage activities. These key components still form the basis of the technique and its most important fea ture, that of illumine the customers role in the service process.26In addition, it provides an overview so that employees and internal units can relate what they do to the entire, integrated service system. Blueprints also help to honor a customer-orientation among employees as well as clarify interfaces across departmental lines.Chapter 3. Research MethodologyThe aim of the study is to once again, seek the various sides of economic impact in capital of the United Kingdom after winning the title to be the host of the 2012 summer Olympics. It is a big challenge for the hosting country to facilitate a mega event and the industry that is in the center of the issue is the tourism. The continuous development of an industry is possible if there are factors that can affect its growth. In the existence of the Olympic event in London, there should be an appropriate investigation that might lead in determining the economic impact of Summer Olympics. along with the complexities defined in th e countries of UK, London remains the center of attention because of the opportunity in hosting the prestigious Olympic Games. After the years of 1908 and 1948 in hosting the previous Olympics, London finally acquired the honor in hosting the mega event. Obviously, years can be evidence the world is changing and with that, London must be prepared on the various effects resulting to the Olympic Games. With the help of the appropriate method, the study can gain the chance in meeting the objectives and goals.Research Methods to be UsedSince the study is annoying regarding the empirical ground and current situations of Londons preparedness in the upcoming Olympics, the proposed primary method is through the use of checks and question. There are many types of primary inquiry available based on the purpose of the researcher/s. The design of the method can create the accurate result and overview on the concern of the study. It is expected that survey methods are more efficient in terms of gathering the primary data therefore it is utilized in the study. Through the form of questioning the people or groups, the study can gain the limited amount of information which is also useful in understanding the subjects point-of-views. On the other hand, the use of interview helps the research in providing the ideas of a small group similar to gathering their opinions. After the essential data had been collected, the information was analyzed and organized according to a comprehensive fashion.SubjectsThe survey data was taken in the participation of 200 district residents who are deemed to be affected by the Olympic event. The responses of the participants are gathered and then, analyzed based on the five-point Likert scale. On the second phase of the method, an interview was conducted in among the five respondents in order to achieve the qualitative dimension on base the gathered statistic data. The respondents of the interview includes the officials in London as well as th e businessmen that took participation in the pre-Olympics, during Olympics, and post-Olympics.Sampling DesignIt is impractical for the study to conduct a survey in the entire population within the community

The Olympic Athlete :: essays research papers

The Olympic Athlete     I always have respected Olympic athletes, for they spend wholly their timetraining. Victorious athletes were professionals in the sense that they livedoff the glory of their achievement ever afterwards. Their hometowns might rewardthem with free meals for the rest of their lives, honorary appointments, or leading positions in the community. The victors were memorialized in statuesand withal in victory songs, and commissioned from famous poets.     Today, the Olympic Games are the worlds largest pageant of athleticskill and competitive spirit. They are also displays of nationalism, commerceand politics. These two opposing elements of the Olympics are not a moderninvention. The conflict in the midst of the Olympic movements high ideals and thecommercialism or political acts, which companion the Games, has been noted since antediluvian times. The ancient Olympic Games, part of a major religious festivalhonoring Zeus, t he chief Greek god, were the biggest events in their world. Theywere the scenes of political rivalries between people from different parts ofthe Greek world, and the site of controversies, boasts, public announcements andhumiliations. Ancient athletes competed as individuals, not on national teams,as in the modern Games. The vehemence on individual athletic achievement throughpublic competition was related to the Greek ideal of excellence, called "arete".Aristocratic men who attained this ideal, through their big(p) words ordeeds, won permanent glory and fame. Those who failed to measure up to this codefeared public shame and disgrace.     Olympia was one of the oldest religious centers in the ancient Greekworld. Since athletic contests were one way that the ancient Greeks honoredtheir gods, it was logical to hold a recurring athletic competition at the siteof a major temple. Also, Olympia is convenient geographically to reach by ship,which was a major concern for the Greeks. Athletes and spectators traveled fromGreek colonies as far away as modern-day Spain, the Black Sea, or Egypt.     Athletics were a key part of education in ancient Greece. Many Greeksbelieved that developing the body was equally of import as improving the mindfor overall health. Also, regular exercise was important in a society where menwere always needed for military service. Platos Laws specifically mentions howathletics greatly improved military skills. Greek youth therefore worked out inthe palaestra (wrestling-school) whether they were serious Olympic contenders ornot.     Ancient competitors were require to train at Olympia for a month beforethe Games officially started, like modern competitors at the Olympic. Young menworked with athletic trainers who used vast sticks to point out incorrect body

Free Essays on Whartons Ethan Frome: A Timeless Novel :: Ethan Frome Essays

Ethan Frome A Timeless Novel The writing in the novel, Ethan Frome is fantastic. The love of Ethan Frome is crystal clear. Ethan and Mattie ar both believably in love and Ethans desperation grips the reader. Zeena, I think, is the most well described of them all. She is reality itself--beyond love, beyond fate, and it is she who outlasts them all. Although I think I unload in love with both Mattie and Ethan in this story and was feeling that intense love and pain of imp cultivation separation in their last moments together, the realist in me love the ending Zeena, the old witch, the nagging and cunning negative hag, is the unity who is the rock in the moving stream. Its so 20th century. There is something black about the ending that you have to like. I like the way Zeenas image keeps popping up for Ethan Zeenas empty rocking-chair stood facing him. Mattie rose obediently, and seated herself in it. As her young brownness head detached itself against the patch-work cushion that habitually framed his wifes gaunt countenance, Ethan had a momentary shock. It was almost as if the some other face, the face of the superseded woman, had obliterated that of the intruder. And as hes hard to enter into eternity with his beloved . . . But suddenly his wifes face, with twisted monstrous lineaments, thrust itself between him and his goal, and he made an instinctive movement to brush it aside. here(predicate) are some example of the accurate description that I love in this story Through the obscurity which hid their faces their thoughts seemed to dart at each other like serpents shooting venom. Ethan was seized with horror of the scene and shame at his own share in it. It was as senseless and savage as a physical fight between two enemies in the darkness. All the long misery of his baffled past, of his youth of failure, hardship and vain effort, rose up in his brain in bitterness and seemed to take shape before him in the woman who at every turn had barred his way . She had taken everything else from him and now she meant to take the one thing that made up for all the others. For a moment such a flame of hate rose in him that it ran down his arm and clinch his fist against her.